This study integrated environmental issues as the initial problem to explore the process of problem-solving of high school students and proposes the concept of environmental problem-solving (EPS) to probe the interaction between high school students' scientific performance and EPS strategies. There were 139 high school students in Taiwan who…

Losing contact with nature has become a serious concern in recent years, not only because it depletes children and adolescents' physical health and well-being, but also because it creates apathy towards natural environments. Most past research has developed scales to measure adult's connection with nature (CWN), leaving adolescents' CWN a less…

Digital learning has become an inevitable trend with many benefits for students' learning performance and motivation. However, Virtual Reality, a pervasive mode of digital learning nowadays, has incurred ambivalence among teachers over the years due to its high cost and other technical concerns. Panoramic image VR (PIVR) is a cost-efficient…

Are we having high school students in different tracks be equally knowledgeable, concerned about, and active for the environment while they learn different curricula that suit their aptitudes? 798 students of academic high schools and 751 students of technical high schools in Taiwan participated in a survey of their environmental literacy and…

As teacher well-being is impacted by the leadership ability of school management, which helps establish trust and cooperation among the teaching faculty, it is an important subject of research. Therefore, this study aims to explore how the authentic leadership of school principals impacts (1) the teacher-school relationship (based on…

Psychometrically sound and practical measures of emotional intelligence of school principals, psychological climate, and teacher motivation were developed. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships and effects among these variables and to compare the differences between high school and vocational high school, as well as public and…

This study examined changes of test anxiety under the reform of the examination system in Taiwan. We sampled 46,361 Grade 9 students in Taiwan for 9 consecutive years starting from 2011 to collect data on their test anxiety, cram school attendance frequency, and academic achievement. Students' test anxiety level was compared between three periods:…

Scholars generally agree that financial deprivation negatively affects students' educational outcomes. However, while absolute levels of resources are important, individuals' perceived relative economic wellbeing also shape their educational outcomes. This article asks whether attending school with peers from comparably richer families is related…

The study investigates the effects of the Argumentation-Based Inquiry (ABI) approach in dual-language (DL) courses on oral presentation (OP) skills and willingness-to-communicate (WTC) among EFL high school students. Using a mixed-methods research approach with an embedded design model, the study emphasizes the quantitative approach (QUAN) for an…

Purpose: Given the research gaps identified in a literature review, this study aims to uncover how the intensity of learners' motivational behavior and its predictors vary with grade level. Methodology: A large-scale survey was conducted to examine motivational behavior and its predictors among EFL learners across three education levels and ten…

To explore knowledge co-construction patterns and learning motivation within virtual EFL co-creation environments, this study examined behavioral patterns and motivation in three different co-creation environments (paper-based, 2D digital, and 3D VR co-creation) through sequential behavioral analysis and ANCOVA. The study utilized a…

The purpose of this study is to investigate students' mental models of the marine environment and to further examine how these models are related to their perceptions of marine problems. One hundred twenty-eight ninth grade students from a large harbor city in southern Taiwan completed a survey including a drawing activity and a set of two-tier…

In the field of science education, laboratory learning environment has gained renewed interest in the recent decade. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among students' conceptions of science laboratory learning, perceptions of the science laboratory learning environment, and their academic self-efficacy in science learning by…

Beyond effectiveness of the instructional model of Navigation of Social Engagement (NOSE model; Chou, 2020) to enhance problem solving skills of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), this article addresses moderating factors to provide a more in-depth secondary analysis of data within this intervention. While previous findings have…

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which social smoking expectations mediate the relationship between adolescent smoking behaviour and the smoking behaviour of family and peers. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Setting: Taiwan, Republic of China. Method: The participants were 921 senior high school students…