Little empirical evidence suggested that independent reading abilities of students enrolled in biology predicted their performance on the Biology I Graduation End-of-Course Assessment (ECA). An archival study was conducted at one Indiana urban public high school in Indianapolis, Indiana, by examining existing educational assessment data to test…

In an era of increased accountability and diminishing financial resources, secondary schools across the nation are increasingly turning to online course offerings as a way to remediate and in some cases completely educate their students. In addition, students are opting to participate in online courses at an exponentially increasing rate for many…