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Direct linkŠtastný, Vít – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2023
Previous research on the implications of early-tracking education systems has not specifically focused on how studying in academic and non-academic tracks shapes the features and characteristics of shadow education (private tutoring) that students are involved in. The study compares the scale and features of private tutoring and the underlying…
Descriptors: Track System (Education), Foreign Countries, Tutoring, Academic Education
Mateju, Petr; Smith, Michael L. – British Journal of Sociology of Education, 2015
This article examines gender gaps in academic performance (grades in mathematics and reading) between boys and girls of ninth-grade elementary schools in the Czech Republic. Our analysis is based on 2003 data from the Programme for International Student Assessment, encompassing the academic performance and family background of ninth-grade pupils.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Gender Differences, Grade 9, Elementary School Students
