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Direct linkTzu-Yu Tai; Howard Hao-Jan Chen – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2024
English speaking is considered the most difficult and anxiety-provoking language skill for EFL learners due to lack of access to authentic language use, fear of making mistakes, and peers' negative comments. With automatic speech recognition and natural language processing, intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) have potential in foreign language…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Speech Communication, English Language Learners, Anxiety
