There are several conceptualizations of modeling competencies, including among others on the one hand so-called sub-competencies, which are required to progress from one step of a modeling process to the next, and metacognitive individual and group strategies. However, the relationship between metacognitive strategies and modeling sub-competencies remains unclear, as does the influence of metacognitive strategies on the development of modeling competencies. The current paper presents the results of a study conducted with 170 students in grades nine and ten. This intervention study concerns the relationships between metacognitive strategies and the development of these strategies and modeling sub-competencies over the course of the study. The results illustrate that metacognitive individual strategies are highly correlated with each other, and metacognitive group strategies are highly correlated with each other, but metacognitive individual strategies are not correlated with metacognitive group strategies. Analysis of the development of metacognitive strategies and modeling sub-competencies within the intervention study reveals that not all of these developed as expected. Additionally, the factors of metacognitive strategies that were measured within the study allow for limited conclusions about the development of students' modeling sub-competencies. These results have implications for further research.