This study investigates the effectiveness and knowledge retention of elearning models that could solve education problems in rural areas by considering two different examples: massive online open courses (MOOCs) and gamification hybrid learning. The study also proposes suitable and effective features that could influence student abilities in the…

This paper reports on the design and enactment of an instructional strategy aimed to support students in constructing scientific explanations. Informed by the philosophy of science and linguistic studies of science, a new instructional framework called premise--reasoning--outcome (PRO) was conceptualized, developed, and tested over two years in…