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Direct linkPenk, Christiane; Richter, Dirk – Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 2017
Since the turn of the century, an increasing number of low-stakes assessments (i.e., assessments without direct consequences for the test-takers) are being used to evaluate the quality of educational systems. Internationally, research has shown that low-stakes test results can be biased due to students' low test-taking motivation and that…
Descriptors: Test Wiseness, Student Motivation, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Tests
