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Close, Sean; Oldham, Elizabeth; Shiel, Gerry; Dooley, Therese; O'Leary, Michael – Journal of Educational Research, 2012
Three calculator tests were administered to a national sample of 1,469 Irish students in Grade 9--the last cohort to study mathematics without calculators (Phase 1). Three years later, the same tests were administered to a similar sample with calculators (Phase 2). Scores on a test of calculator-inappropriate items showed no significant change…
Descriptors: Mathematics Achievement, Student Attitudes, Calculators, Grade 9