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Direct linkSarah Ruth Morris; Sarah Clark McKenzie – Educational Forum, 2025
Freshman grades relate to academic outcomes, yet limited research explores which students face the highest risk of course failure. With logit analysis using a five-year Arkansas dataset (n = 164,688), we find that economically disadvantaged ninth-grade students are more likely to fail a course than their more privileged peers. This disparity…
Descriptors: High School Freshmen, Grade 9, Grades (Scholastic), Failure
Gallagher, H. Alix; Arshan, Nicole; Woodworth, Katrina – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2017
By 2013, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had adopted college- and career-ready standards in English language arts and mathematics, placing a greater emphasis on argument writing to prepare students for life after high school. Solving the specific problem of how to help teachers teach to new standards for argument writing as well as the…
Descriptors: Writing Instruction, Program Effectiveness, National Programs, College Readiness
