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Direct linkSarah Ruth Morris; Sarah Clark McKenzie – Educational Forum, 2025
Freshman grades relate to academic outcomes, yet limited research explores which students face the highest risk of course failure. With logit analysis using a five-year Arkansas dataset (n = 164,688), we find that economically disadvantaged ninth-grade students are more likely to fail a course than their more privileged peers. This disparity…
Descriptors: High School Freshmen, Grade 9, Grades (Scholastic), Failure
Kim Luttgen; Kevin Huang; Eunice Chow; Shuangting Yang; Linlin Li – Grantee Submission, 2024
Rural students often face challenges in receiving high-quality education in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Yet without meaningful STEM educational opportunities, rural students might not develop the knowledge and skills needed to compete in a technology-driven workforce. The Learning by Making program (LbyM), an innovative…
Descriptors: Rural Schools, STEM Education, Educational Innovation, Achievement Gap
