Many learners are unmotivated to learn mathematics due to a lack of attention, irrelevance of mathematics, low self-confidence and dissatisfaction. However, peer tutoring can afford learners opportunities to engage with other individuals who have overcome similar challenges in the learning of mathematics and who can motivate them to become…

Within the field of social studies education, disciplinary models of teaching, such as approximating a historian in asking students to "think historically," have been the emphasis of countless professional development and teacher education programs. This movement, however, has focused largely on the use of traditional primary documents and…