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Direct linkKaldaras, Leonora; Akaeze, Hope; Krajcik, Joseph – Educational Assessment, 2021
Deep science understanding is reflected in students' ability to use content and skills when making sense of the world. Assessing deep understanding requires measuring complex constructs that combine elements of content and skills. To develop valid measures of complex constructs, we need to understand how their theoretical dimensionality, reflected…
Descriptors: Scientific Concepts, Elementary Secondary Education, Academic Standards, Science Education
