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Ullah, Hazir; Skelton, Christine – Educational Studies, 2013
This paper examines gender biases in school textbooks after a decade long effort by the ministry of education (MoE) Pakistan and international organisation (IOs) to eliminate all forms of gender inequality in education. The intention underpinning these initiatives was to nurture a view of gender equality based consciousness through the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Gender Bias, Textbooks, Public Schools
Aslam, Monazza – Education Economics, 2009
Recent evidence from Pakistan points to significant pro-male bias within households in the allocation of education expenditures. This raises two important questions. Is less spent on enrolled girls than boys through differential school-type choice for the two sexes; for example, through a greater likelihood of sending boys to fee-charging private…
Descriptors: Private Schools, Foreign Countries, Expenditure per Student, Public Schools