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Hauger, Jeffrey B.; Sireci, Stephen G. – International Journal of Testing, 2008
In this study, we examined the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) among groups of students who were tested in their native language or in a different language when participating in the 1999 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. Data from 18,837 examinees from three countries (Singapore, United States, and Iran) were…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Language Dominance, Second Languages, Language Proficiency