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Direct linkSwanson, Elise; H. Erickson, Heidi; Ritter, Gary W. – Educational Policy, 2021
We estimate the relationship between exclusionary discipline given in eighth-grade and the probability of ninth-grade retention. We use a rich 7-year, student-level, panel data set from Arkansas. We use a novel approach by limiting our sample to students who switch schools between eighth and ninth grades. This movement gives each student a fresh…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Grade 9, Discipline Policy, Grade Repetition
Download full textKoyuncu, Ilhan – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2021
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between a variety of non-cognitive factors and the mathematics performance levels of eighth grade students in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). The sample group consists of 4077 Turkish students who took part in TIMSS 2019. Data were collected using the…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Benchmarking, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries
