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Closson, Leanna M. – Social Development, 2009
This study examined gender and status differences among sixth through eighth grade early adolescents' (N = 387) descriptions of what it means to be popular. More boys than girls specified being "cool", "athletic", "funny", and "defiant/risky", whereas more girls than boys identified wearing nice "clothing", being "attractive", "mean", "snobby",…
Descriptors: Social Influences, Females, Preadolescents, Grade 8
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Hawley, Patricia H.; Little, Todd D.; Card, Noel A. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2008
Evolutionary and biological approaches tend to suggest that social dominance is predominately an aspect of male social organization. Furthermore, when females behave non-normatively, they are less positively evaluated than males engaging in the same behavior. Alternate, less familiar models of females and dominance/aggression underlie the present…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Youth, Males, Females
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Lansford, Jennifer E.; Costanzo, Philip R.; Grimes, Christina; Putallaz, Martha; Miller, Shari; Malone, Patrick S. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2009
Seventh-grade students (N = 324) completed social cognitive maps to identify peer groups and peer group leaders, sociometric nominations to describe their peers' behaviors, and questionnaires to assess their own behaviors. Peer group members resembled one another in levels of direct and indirect aggression and substance use; girls' cliques were…
Descriptors: Females, Peer Relationship, Peer Groups, Cognitive Mapping