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Direct linkChen, Chia-Wen; Andersson, Björn; Zhu, Jinxin – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2023
The certainty of response index (CRI) measures respondents' confidence level when answering an item. In conjunction with the answers to the items, previous studies have used descriptive statistics and arbitrary thresholds to identify student knowledge profiles with the CRIs. Whereas this approach overlooked the measurement error of the observed…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Factor Analysis, Psychometrics, Test Items
