One area of education which has not escaped efforts to improve the Indonesian government is mathematics education. The Indonesian government must make good use of mathematics learning so that students can use the mathematical mindset to offset the pace of global competition. This research is an experimental research on the Process-Oriented Guided…

This mixed-methods study was designed to compare the learning gains of seventh-grade students (N = 417) taught a 4-week conceptual change unit on density using either a student-centered, guided inquiry-based approach or a more direct, teacher-centered instructional strategy. Application of a multilevel model to data obtained from the…

This quantitative study sought to compare the levels of motivation and engagement for middle school students before and after the implementation of both project-based learning and direct instruction. Student participants completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory [IMI] (Deci & Ryan, 2017) to assess their levels of motivation prior to and…

Understanding of visual representations is a pivotal skill necessary in science. These visual, verbal, and numeric representations are the crux of science discourses "by scientists, with students and the general public" (Pauwels, 2006, p.viii). Those who lack the understanding of these representations see it as a foreign language, one…

Anecdotal accounts from science educators suggest that few teachers are teaching science as inquiry. However, there is little empirical evidence to support this claim. This study aimed to provide evidence-based documentation of the state-of-use of inquiry-based instruction and explicit instruction about nature of science (NOS). We examined the…