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Minda Tan; Shuiyun Liu – SAGE Open, 2023
Shadow education helps students become academically competitive. Currently, little is known about whether shadow education can effectively fulfill either remedial or enrichment purposes in China. Using the nationally representative data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) collected in 2013 and 2014, this paper explored the opportunity gap…
Descriptors: Human Capital, Private Education, Tutoring, Socioeconomic Status