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Larrain, Antonia; Freire, Paulina; Howe, Christine – International Journal of Science Education, 2014
Since the late 1990s, there has been consensus among educational researchers that argumentation should play a central role in science education. Although there has been extensive relevant research, it is not clear enough how oral argumentation spontaneously occurs in science teaching. This is particularly important with regard to the empirical…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Secondary School Science, Foreign Countries, Middle School Students