The main purpose of this chapter is to document the reasoning of three students, two with disabilities and one with mathematical difficulties, as they participated in and contributed to the classroom mathematical practices established by a seventh-grade class during integer instruction. The integer instructional sequence was designed to support…

Although it has been two decades since National Council of Teachers of Mathematics "Standards" were published, research underlines the lack of essential practices for quality reform teaching. The literature also emphasizes the importance of planning in reform teaching although few studies focus directly on the planning of the teacher.…