Developing national identity is a goal of schools around the world. Historically this goal has been especially important for nations coming out of colonization as new governments seek to unify their nations and promote national identities. From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony whose excellent harbor made it a linchpin of British economic interests within Asia. When the British lease expired and Hong Kong returned to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1997, its schools faced a new goal: fostering students identity as citizens of China. How have Hong Kong schools, with over a hundred years of British curricula, made efforts to teach students to understand China and identify as Chinese citizens? Relying upon lessons developed by Hong Kong teachers to meet such goals, this article provides insights into teaching about China and Chinese identity from the perspectives of elementary teachers and students in Hong Kong.