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ERIC Number: EJ1276235
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2020-Feb
Pages: 35
Abstractor: ERIC
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0018-2745
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
Freedom Summer and the Foot Soldiers of the Civil Rights Movement: Bottom-Up Historical Inquiry to Combat the Master Narrative
Clabough, Jeremiah; Bickford, John H., III
History Teacher, v53 n2 p319-353 Feb 2020
There are significant apertures between the history told within historians' scholarship and teachers' curricular resources. The Civil Rights Movement (hereafter, CRM) of the 1950s and 1960s did not start with Rosa Parks' arrest in Montgomery, though it was a spark that inflamed a long-smoldering fire. Nor did it end with Dr. King's dream in Washington, as confirmed by the names "Bombingham," Tuscaloosa's Bloody Tuesday, Selma's Bloody Sunday, and the Poor People's Campaign. The CRM's roots extended downward long before Supreme Court decisions, and its branches stretched upward far beyond Dr. King's death in Memphis. Dominant personalities--like Martin and Malcolm, Booker T. and W. E. B.--led, argued, and personified distinct eras. They were buttressed by figures often neglected in history curricula, like Ella Baker, A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin, Stokely Carmichael, Huey Newton, Fred Shuttlesworth, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Medgar Evers. The names of groups--like UNIA-ACL, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)--and mass movements--like Back to Africa, Pan-Africanism, Double V Campaign, and Black Power--now appear obscure, but they sought to confront economic marginalization and curtail judicial retribution as much as obtain political enfranchisement and social equality. Through it all, multitudes of seemingly nameless advocates sustained these leaders, groups, and mass movements. This inquiry is grounded on the courageous, dangerous actions of these near-anonymous activists during an era, Freedom Summer, when the masses overshadowed the leaders. From a curricular standpoint, Freedom Summer is the literal antithesis to and figurative antidote for students' consumption of the Master Narrative, which comprise the centralized, top-down, leader-centered stories that disregard the import and impact of regular folk. This inquiry focuses on the foot soldiers of the CRM and their contributions, which adds complexity to the Master Narrative.
Society for History Education. California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840-1601. Tel: 562-985-2573; Fax: 562-985-5431; Web site: http://www.societyforhistoryeducation.org/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: Elementary Education; Grade 6; Intermediate Grades; Middle Schools
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A