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Martin, Michael O., Ed.; Mullis, Ina V. S., Ed. – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2013
TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) is an international assessment of mathematics and science at the fourth and eighth grades that has been conducted every four years since 1995, with the most recent assessment in 2011. PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is an international assessment of reading…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, Mathematics Achievement, Science Achievement, Grade 4
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Lialiugene, I. Iu.; Rupshene, L. A. – Russian Education and Society, 2008
The economic factor is considered primary in temporary labor migrations: when people can find jobs in a country where the standard of living is higher, they are able to earn more money than they would in their home country. In the recent years, differences in pay have been so large that by earning a lot of money in a different country and spending…
Descriptors: Socialization, Living Standards, Seasonal Laborers, Foreign Countries