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Direct linkTracy Noble; Craig S. Wells; Ann S. Rosebery – Educational Assessment, 2023
This article reports on two quantitative studies of English learners' (ELs) interactions with constructed-response items from a Grade 5 state science test. Study 1 investigated the relationships between the constructed-response item-level variables of English Reading Demand, English Writing Demand, and Background Knowledge Demand and the…
Descriptors: Grade 5, State Standards, Standardized Tests, Science Tests
Lindner, Marlit A.; Schult, Johannes; Mayer, Richard E. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2022
This classroom experiment investigates the effects of adding representational pictures to multiple-choice and constructed-response test items to understand the role of the response format for the multimedia effect in testing. Participants were 575 fifth- and sixth-graders who answered 28 science test items--seven items in each of four experimental…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 5, Grade 6, Multimedia Materials
