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Letters Away from the Looking Glass: Developmental Trajectory of Mirrored and Rotated Letter Processing within Words
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Tânia Fernandes; Sofia Velasco; Isabel Leite – Developmental Science, 2024
Discrimination of reversible mirrored letters (e.g., d and b) poses a challenge when learning to read as it requires overcoming "mirror invariance," an evolutionary-old perceptual tendency of processing mirror images as equivalent. The present study investigated "when," in reading development, mirror-image discrimination…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5
"PCI Reading Program": The Final Report of a Three Year Experimental Study in Brevard Public Schools and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. Research Report
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Toby, Megan; Jaciw, Andrew; Ma, Boya; Lipton, Akiko – Empirical Education Inc., 2011
PCI Education conducted a three-year longitudinal study to determine the comparative effectiveness of the "PCI Reading Program" ("PCI") for students with severe disabilities as implemented in Florida's Brevard Public Schools and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. The primary question addressed by the study is whether students…
Descriptors: Reading Programs, Disabilities, Urban Schools, Public Schools
The Efficacy of PCI's "Reading Program--Level One": A Report of a Randomized Experiment in Brevard Public Schools and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. Research Report
Toby, Megan; Ma, Boya; Jaciw, Andrew; Cabalo, Jessica – Empirical Education Inc., 2008
PCI Education sought scientifically based evidence on the effectiveness of the "PCI Reading Program--Level One" for students with severe disabilities. During the 2007-2008 academic year. Empirical Education conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in two Florida districts, Brevard and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. For this…
Descriptors: Reading Programs, Disabilities, Urban Schools, Public Schools