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Direct linkPeets, Kätlin; Pöyhönen, Virpi; Juvonen, Jaana; Salmivalli, Christina – Developmental Psychology, 2015
This study examined whether the degree to which bullying is normative in the classroom would moderate associations between "intra"- (cognitive and affective empathy, self-efficacy beliefs) and "inter"personal (popularity) factors and defending behavior. Participants were 6,708 third- to fifth-grade children (49% boys;…
Descriptors: Bullying, Social Attitudes, Student Behavior, Empathy
Isaacs, Jenny; Voeten, Marinus; Salmivalli, Christina – Social Development, 2013
We tested whether gender-specific vs. common classroom norms were more powerful moderators of the association between a risk factor (rejection) and peer victimization among girls and boys. The participants were 1220 elementary schoolchildren from grades 4-6 (with 10-13 years of age). We compared different multilevel models including combined vs.…
Descriptors: Risk, Victims, Correlation, Gender Differences
