In this study, we examined students' access to text, defined as the number of texts freely available to children in their classrooms. From 60 elementary classrooms across five states, we catalogued the books in first, third and fifth grades in both high- and low-achieving schools (based on state-wide reading test scores) to create a database of…

The goal of this study was to gather data on US elementary school teachers' (K-5) instructional practices with graphical representations. The results revealed high percentages of usage for graphical representations but with varying levels of frequency. Overall, the most frequently reported instructional practices by teachers included 1) pointing…