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Direct linkCardoza, José A.; Brown, Kathleen M. – TESOL Journal, 2020
This article discusses findings of a study conducted in an urban Title 1 elementary school in the United States. The study examined mathematics quarterly test data from Hispanic newcomer English language learners (ELLs) enrolled in Grades 4 and 5 at the same school, some of whom received mathematics instruction almost entirely in Spanish…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Elementary School Students, Hispanic American Students, Immigrants
Download full textCardoza, José A.; Brown, Kathleen M. – Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 2019
This study investigated the extent to which Hispanic newcomer ELLs in grades 4 and 5, who received math instruction in Spanish, improved their math scores in district and state tests as compared to ELLs who received math instruction in English only. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, variability, and ttests…
Descriptors: Hispanic Americans, English Language Learners, Grade 4, Grade 5
