Socioeconomic status has been a long-time discussed topic due to its impact on children's school paths. However, despite extant research indicating strong relationships between students' socioeconomic status, use of self-regulated learning strategies, and academic achievement, research on interventions addressing these topics is limited. This…

Purpose: There is a pressing need to teach students how to talk critically about race to understand the personal and political implications of racism in the contemporary US society. Classroom race talk, however, often includes moments of discomfort or confusion as teachers and students navigate new norms for making sense of race and racism. The…

Conceptual and procedural instruction order may affect students' learning and generalization of math skills. This study compared two instruction sequences, concepts-first and iterative, and their effect on fraction performance through a class-wide intervention. Fourth-grade students (N = 114) were randomly assigned to the concepts-first,…

Although interest in mathematics anxiety in young children (6-11 years) has increased recently, the results of previous studies on the role of mathematics anxiety in the relationship between number sense and math performance are inconsistent. The study's main objective was to establish whether math anxiety is a mediator or a moderator in the…

This study used fraction number line estimation tasks to evaluate students' developmental patterns, and the relationship of such tasks with whole number bias was explored. In total, 189 fourth-grade students in a northern Taiwan elementary school were followed over 2 years. The results demonstrated that the students' fraction learning development…

The present research focuses on analyzing how fourth-grade elementary school students (ages 9 to 10) solve and interpret the result of non-routine problems, precisely division measurement and division-partition with remainder. The methodology is qualitative, with a descriptive and interpretative approach. The information was collected using a…

In this dissertation, I present the findings from the implementation of an informational text reading comprehension intervention. Using a single-case multiple baselines across participants' experimental design, I examined results from three small heterogeneous groups of three to four students during the literacy block in a suburban fourth-grade…

This quasi-experimental study was designed to investigate the initial efficacy of a fraction-vocabulary intervention for Grade 4 students with mathematics difficulty (MD) and to explore its impact on relevant fraction competencies. Thirty-three students were assigned to either the intervention condition (n = 16) or a business-as-usual comparison…

Social science learning outcomes of students in elementary schools are a problem faced by teachers. Parental guidance at home is one of the influencing factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between parental tutoring and social studies learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of one public elementary school in…

Based on the model of reading engagement processes within classroom contexts, this research examined the link between student-perceived reading strategy instruction (RSI) and reading comprehension via multiple mediators, including autonomous reading motivation and reading strategy use (RSU), among 5,275 Chinese fourth graders. Multilevel mediation…

When remedying student academic deficits, educators must decide not only upon the intervention package to employ but how much of that intervention to deliver in order to provide an effective dose. In the current study, various doses of an explicit timing math fluency intervention package were evaluated with 105 fourth-grade students to identify…

Learning fractions poses a challenge for many elementary school students, including applying fraction knowledge in novel contexts. For instance, there are substantial individual differences in students' tendency of spontaneous focusing on quantitative relations (SFOR), which is related to the development of rational number knowledge. In this…

Within the last 100 years, the number of school districts in America has dropped by as much as 90% (Murdock, 2012), from 117,108 in 1939 to 13,452 in 2019 (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2020). Funding and how to provide educational equity, equality, and justice for all is a critical conversation. According to the North Dakota…

Background: Both teacher support and math attitudes have been identified as associated with math anxiety in primary school children. However, little is known about how they are interrelated longitudinally. Aims: The study was designed to examine the associations among perceived teacher support, math attitudes, and math anxiety in Chinese primary…

In this study, we examine students' mathematical reasoning within a technological environment designed to support understanding of relationships between quantities with adjustable measuring units. In particular, we provide a cross-sectional snapshot of how 30 elementary students (Grades 3-5) engaged in a series of fraction-as-measurement tasks…