The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) is an international comparative study of student performance in reading literacy at the fourth grade. PIRLS 2016 marks the fourth iteration of the study, which has been conducted every 5 years since 2001. New to the PIRLS assessment in 2016, ePIRLS provides a computer-based extension to PIRLS, assessing students' comprehension of online information. A subset of the participating PIRLS 2016 education systems participated in ePIRLS. Internationally, the study was developed and implemented by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) and is designed to measure the reading knowledge and skills of fourth-grade students over time. Each country or education system is responsible for collecting its own data following detailed international requirements for target populations, sampling design, sampling size, exclusions, assessment administration, and defining participation rates. This report provides an overview of the design and implementation of PIRLS 2016 in the United States, along with information designed to facilitate access to the U.S. PIRLS 2016 data.