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Direct linkGutman, Tricia E. – ProQuest LLC, 2011
The achievement gap in reading between students of low versus high socioeconomic status (SES) is detrimental to students of low SES who struggle with basic reading skills such as fluency and comprehension. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the systematic use of Read Naturally, a repeated reading fluency-based program, significantly…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Social Change, Grade 5, Reading Skills
Peer reviewedStockard, Jean – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2010
Previous research has documented a substantial decline of standardized test scores of children from low-income backgrounds, relative to more advantaged peers, in later elementary grades, the so-called "fourth-grade slump." This article examines changes in reading achievement from first to fifth grade for students in a large urban school…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Reading Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Standardized Tests
