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Pendola, Andrew; Muñoz, Ismael; Zapata, Mayli; Schaub, Maryellen – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2022
To ensure all children can be successful in school and beyond, states have increasingly supported and expanded pre-kindergarten (pre-k) programs aimed and improving student outcomes and reducing disparities. While research has shown generally positive short-term outcomes for specific programs, state design and support for pre-k programs varies…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Grade 4, Academic Achievement, Success
Bradbury, Katharine – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2021
Test-score data show that both low-income and racial-minority children score lower, on average, on states' elementary-school accountability tests compared with higher-income children or white children. This report explores the relationship between racial and socioeconomic test-score gaps in New England metropolitan areas and two factors associated…
Descriptors: Tests, Scores, Geographic Regions, Metropolitan Areas
Showalter, Daniel; Klein, Robert; Johnson, Jerry; Hartman, Sara L. – Rural School and Community Trust, 2017
More than one in four of America's public schools are rural, and nearly one in six of the nation's students are in rural areas. Many children and their families in rural America need better and more equitable educational opportunities. This is the main theme of "Why Rural Matters 2015-16: Understanding the Changing Landscape," the eighth…
Descriptors: Rural Schools, Public Schools, Equal Education, Rural Education