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Direct linkChristopher Redding; Steven M. Carlo – Educational Policy, 2024
We use event history analysis on an aggregate dataset from 1997 to 2018 to understand the state-level antecedents associated with the adoption of test-based grade retention policies. Findings indicate that the educational conditions of a state to be more predictive of retention policy adoption than the political, economic, and geographic measures.…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, National Competency Tests, Educational History, Student Characteristics
Lockheed, Marlaine E. – OECD Publishing, 2015
This report provides a systematic review and empirical evidence related to the experiences of middle-income countries and economies participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2000 to 2015. PISA is a triennial survey that aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Adolescents, Foreign Countries, Developing Nations
