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Direct linkHiebert, Elfrieda H. – Reading Teacher, 2022
According to interpretations of results from the latest oral reading fluency (ORF) study conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (White et al., 2020), fourth-grade students who score below the basic standard require interventions that focus on word recognition, phonological decoding, and fluency. Before such mandates for…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Reading Tests, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency
Alario, F.-Xavier; De Cara, Bruno; Ziegler, Johannes C. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2007
The picture-word interference paradigm was used to shed new light on the debate concerning slow serial versus fast parallel activation of phonology in silent reading. Prereaders, beginning readers (Grades 1-4), and adults named pictures that had words printed on them. Words and pictures shared phonology either at the beginnings of words (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Phonology, Silent Reading, Beginning Reading, Elementary School Students
