In this, I examined the differences between two approaches for teaching math to pupils with learning disabilities: active teaching as opposed to traditional teaching, which engages pupils more directly in their own learning process and promotes collaborative learning, and traditional (frontal) teaching. The hypothesis is that active teaching will…

Individual growth curves yield insights about growth that are not available from any other methodology; and developmental scales based on conjoint measurement models provide unique interpretive advantages for investigations of academic growth. The advantages are apparent when: (1) 15 consecutive statewide reading growth curves are annotated with…