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Direct linkChristopher Redding; Steven M. Carlo – Educational Policy, 2024
We use event history analysis on an aggregate dataset from 1997 to 2018 to understand the state-level antecedents associated with the adoption of test-based grade retention policies. Findings indicate that the educational conditions of a state to be more predictive of retention policy adoption than the political, economic, and geographic measures.…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, National Competency Tests, Educational History, Student Characteristics
George, Catherine C.; Vannest, Kimberly J. – Beyond Behavior, 2009
Questions and concerns exist regarding the exclusion of students with disabilities from statewide assessments, partly because the number of student with disabilities who are included in state assessment varies from state to state and is generally low. This contributes to a belief that accountability for all students may be misunderstood or ill…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Program Effectiveness, Accountability, Decision Making
