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Toby, Megan; Jaciw, Andrew; Ma, Boya; Lipton, Akiko – Empirical Education Inc., 2011
PCI Education conducted a three-year longitudinal study to determine the comparative effectiveness of the "PCI Reading Program" ("PCI") for students with severe disabilities as implemented in Florida's Brevard Public Schools and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. The primary question addressed by the study is whether students…
Descriptors: Reading Programs, Disabilities, Urban Schools, Public Schools
Empirical Education Inc., 2008
PCI Education sought scientifically based evidence on the effectiveness of the "PCI Reading Program--Level One" for students with severe disabilities. During the 2007-2008 academic year. Empirical Education conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in two Florida districts, Brevard and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. For this…
Descriptors: Reading Programs, Disabilities, Urban Schools, Public Schools
Greene, Jay P.; Winters, Marcus A. – Center for Civic Innovation, 2006
Social promotion has long been the normal practice in American schools. Critics of this practice, whereby students are promoted to the next grade regardless of academic preparation, have suggested that students would benefit academically if they were made to repeat a grade. Supporters of social promotion claim that retaining students disrupts them…
Descriptors: School Holding Power, Research Design, Researchers, Standardized Tests