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Poyhonen, Virpi; Juvonen, Jaana; Salmivalli, Christina – Social Development, 2012
In this study we examined children's self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and outcome values in relation to bystander responses in bullying situations. We proposed that beyond the effect of self-efficacy, the decision to defend the victim of bullying vs. remain passive vs. reinforce the bully depends on outcomes children expect from defending, and…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Caring, Bullying, Victims