The first idea that must be understood by the students to learn the concept of concept of conservation of area is recomposing shape. In recomposing shape, the students will see the fact that the shape can be transformed into a different form without adding or losing the part of the shape. So the students could conclude that the area of the shape…

Using the US national sample from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Rasch modeling method, this study identified the conceptual progression sequence of various matter concept aspects, and compared students' latent abilities against the sequence. We found that the four matter aspects, i.e. conservation, physical…