Understanding experimental design (e.g. control of variable strategy or CVS) is foundational for scientific reasoning. Previous research has demonstrated that demonstrations with cognitive conflict (e.g. asking students to evaluate and explain different experimental designs) are effective in promoting children's scientific reasoning, however, the…

Teachers often encourage students to use test-taking strategies during reading comprehension assessments, but these strategies are not always evidence-based. One common strategy involves teaching students to read the questions before reading an associated passage. Research findings comparing the passage-first (PF) and questions-first (QF)…

Background: It has been suggested that children's writing is dependent on transcription and executive functions. However, there is a need for more research examining the relationships among those variables in primary school children, given that most existing studies are cross-sectional and assess transcription and executive functions separately,…

The current study aimed to explore the effects of interactive read-aloud with children's picture books on third-grade elementary school students' financial literacy attitude and behavior. A pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental research design was employed. The sample of the current research consisted of 46 third-grade elementary…

With the increasing importance of teaching STEM to young students, the engineering design process (EDP) has become a popular learning platform in K-12 STEM education. The engineering design process guides students in solving engineering problems, but there is a lack of understanding of how students utilize this process. In this study, we explored…

The assumption that multi-grade learning enhances and sustains positive self-concept is widespread, although neither theory nor empirics have yet allowed for firm conclusions. This paper reports on a representative longitudinal study of multi-grade learning in grades 3 and 4 comparing the development of students' self-concept in reading in…

This study examined the influence of addition and subtraction practice embedded within a word-problem intervention for Grade 3 students experiencing word-problem difficulty. Students (N = 448) were randomly assigned to one of two variants of a word-problem intervention or a business-as-usual comparison condition. Within the word-problem…

In this study, we investigate how a third-grade teacher enacted controversial issues discussion about the use of Indigenous people as sports mascots. We highlight how the teacher supported eight students' sensemaking about the issue during small-group instruction. We provide suggestions for controversial issues teaching in elementary social…

The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was to assess the impact of the STEM integration program on third through fifth grade students' achievement scores in mathematics and science in an urban northeastern Georgia school district. In Phase 1, a quantitative research design was used to examine and compare student achievement…

When it comes to education, motivation and access have always contributed to the success or failure of young people in this country. Individuals' mindsets were correlated with their academic attainment. It is possible that a person's openness of mind is the gatekeeper of their success. The purpose of this ex post facto study was to determine if…

Much research has been conducted on teacher retention, student absences, and suspensions. The results of this research have been shaping the education of primary students. Through standardized or achievement tests, instructional leaders determine each student's level of intellectual knowledge. This knowledge is determined through reading, math,…

The purpose of this study was to discover the relationship between individual student reading levels to mathematics levels utilizing the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness, STAAR, scores for third- and fourth-grade students before and after the COVID-19 pandemic school closures. The study had four research questions examining third-…

This article reports on a study in which third-grade students (8-9 years) were given a degree of agency in conducting chance experiments and representing the outcomes. Students chose their own samples of 12 coloured counters, ensuring all colours were represented. They predicted the outcomes of item selection, tested their predictions, explained…

Background: Today, computational thinking (CT), which is considered to be a form of literacy, has taken its place in the ICT curriculum of many countries at the K-12 level. Therefore, there is a need for more evidence with regards to a theoretical and practical understanding of CT skills' development of K-12 students. Objectives: The purpose of…

The purpose of this causal-comparative, ex post facto quantitative study was to determine "What are the differences in third-grade reading at the college and career readiness level in charter schools compared to traditional public schools?" The study took place in North Carolina charter and traditional public schools. The sample…