Prior research has suggested private school education in middle school and high school as a solution for the Black-White achievement gap. However, more recent research calls this solution into question. Additionally, research increasingly implicates third grade as being of preeminent importance in driving students' subsequent academic achievement. Consequently, this study relied on a nationally representative sample to compare standardized test scores of Black and White third graders who attended private schools. Regression analysis revealed achievement gaps in reading, math, and science. These achievement gaps were not significantly different from those detected in public schools. Hence, school vouchers may be inadvisable for most minority students. (Contains 3 tables.)