This quantitative causal-comparative study, based on secondary data analysis, measured the differences between neighboring Title I traditional elementary schools and Title 1 charter elementary schools in Florida in terms of (a) ELA performance and (b) math performance. More specifically, the study examined the third grade ELA and math scores of 60 Title 1 schools (30 charter and 30 traditional) that serve students from similar demographic areas. The research objective was to identify whether there is a significant difference in the academic performance of third-grade charter and third-grade traditional school students in math and ELA that are served in Title 1 funded schools. The data analysis was achieved through statistical analysis of pre-existing data made publicly available by Florida Department of Education. Findings suggested a vital need for education leaders and future researchers to have more focus on Title I charter and traditional schools and evaluating which vital factors could influence the differences of mathematics and reading performance. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]