Michigan is at a critical moment in time -- a historic moment where citizens and leaders must choose whether the state will take advantage of new opportunities to become a top ten education state -- or face a continued and dramatic educational decline. Today, national data reveal that Michigan's public education system is among the poorest performing in the country, a problem Michigan can ill afford to ignore. After almost two years of research, including conversations with educators working at the classroom, school, district, intermediate school district and state level, the team found a profound need for far more robust implementation and improvement systems, guided by sustained and visionary leadership. Indeed, the lack of coherent systems and accountability for consistent improvement are holding back third-grade literacy efforts and squandering millions of dollars. As it stands, the only real accountability for Michigan's third-grade reading investment exists for the state's students: under the state's 2016 policy, students are at-risk for retention in third grade if they are unable to meet grade-level reading expectations. This report digs deeply into the experience of leading education states with a focus on the "how": How did these states dramatically raise their third-grade reading levels in relatively short periods of time? Over the last two years, the team of researchers visited and talked with more than 50 leaders in these states, mined national and state data, and examined the approaches they used to lift learning for all of their children.