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Direct linkJessica Drescher; Anne Podolsky; Sean F. Reardon; Gabrielle Torrance – Grantee Submission, 2022
We use nearly 430 million standardized test scores, including test scores from more than 6,500 rural school districts, to describe educational opportunity in rural America. Although we find modest differences in outcomes between rural and nonrural students overall, these disparities are larger for specific socioeconomic, racial-ethnic, and…
Descriptors: Rural Areas, Educational Opportunities, Equal Education, Rural Schools
Estrada, Peggy; Wang, Haiwen – Grantee Submission, 2013
For English learners (ELs), reclassifying to fluent English proficient (RFEP) signifies reaching a milestone indicating the ability to function in mainstream classes without support. Little is known about the discrepancy between the number of ELs who meet reclassification criteria and the number who are reclassified as fluent English proficient,…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Second Language Learning, Classification, Language Proficiency
