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Download full textFord, Karen L.; Invernizzi, Marcia; Huang, Francis L. – Grantee Submission, 2014
The current study explored a possible continuum of spelling features that children receiving literacy instruction in Spanish might be expected to master in Grades 1-3. We administered a developmental spelling inventory representing nine distinct Spanish spelling features to 864 students in bilingual and dual language schools across the U.S.…
Descriptors: Spelling, Spanish, Bilingual Education, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Direct linkEsposito, Alena G.; Bauer, Patricia J. – Grantee Submission, 2019
A primary objective of development is to build a knowledge base. To accumulate knowledge over time and experiences, learners must engage in productive processes, going beyond what is explicitly given to generate new knowledge. Though important to accumulating knowledge, these processes are also easily disrupted. Individuals often depend on surface…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Knowledge Level, Learning Processes, Memory
