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Walter A. Herring; Daphna Bassok; Anita S. McGinty; Luke C. Miller; James H. Wyckoff – Educational Researcher, 2022
Federal accountability policy mandates that states administer standardized tests beginning in third grade. In turn, third-grade test scores are often viewed as a key indicator in policy and practice. Yet literacy struggles begin well before third grade, as do racial and socioeconomic disparities in children's literacy skills. Kindergarten…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Emergent Literacy, Reading Ability
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Fantuzzo, John W.; LeBoeuf, Whitney A.; Chen, Chin-Chih; Rouse, Heather L.; Culhane, Dennis P. – Educational Researcher, 2012
This study examined the unique and combined associations of homelessness and school mobility with educational well-being indicators, as well as the mediating effect of absenteeism, for an entire cohort of third-grade students in Philadelphia. Using integrated archival administrative data from the public school district and the municipal Office of…
Descriptors: Homeless People, Student Mobility, Young Children, Well Being