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Christie, Kathy; Rose, Stephanie – Education Commission of the States (NJ3), 2012
Reading words and developing larger vocabularies are critical parts of reading proficiency, but these checkpoints do not have significance until young students grasp the meaning behind words. While teachers and the school culture can improve early reading proficiency, legislatures and state education agencies can support such efforts by…
Descriptors: Early Reading, State Policy, Reading Skills, Reading Comprehension
Rose, Stephanie; Schimke, Karen – Education Commission of the States (NJ3), 2012
Students not reading proficiently by the end of 3rd grade are four times more likely than proficient readers to drop out of high school. This fact and other recent research on the importance of early literacy skills have culminated in an intense focus on improving 3rd-grade reading proficiency. The challenges of improving literacy are, in turn,…
Descriptors: Early Reading, Reading Skills, Reading Comprehension, Grade 3
Musen, Lindsey – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University (NJ1), 2010
In "Beyond Test Scores: Leading Indicators for Education," Foley and colleagues (2008) define leading indicators as those that "provide early signals of progress toward academic achievement" (p. 1) and stress that educators "need leading indicators to help them see the direction their efforts are going in and to take…
Descriptors: Early Reading, Reading Achievement, Direct Instruction, Educational Indicators
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Palacios, Natalia; Guttmanova, Katarina; Chase-Lansdale, P. Lindsay – Developmental Psychology, 2008
This article examines whether longitudinal reading trajectories vary by the generational status of immigrant children as they begin formal schooling through the 3rd grade. The results of the hierarchical linear model indicated that 1st and 2nd generation children (i.e., those born in a foreign country and those born in the United States to…
Descriptors: Early Reading, Reading Achievement, Kindergarten, Grade 3
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Kainz, Kirsten; Vernon-Feagans, Lynne – Elementary School Journal, 2007
In this study we investigated reading development from kindergarten to third grade for 1,913 economically disadvantaged children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort. Characteristics of the child, the family, classroom instruction, and school composition were used to model influences from multiple levels of children's…
Descriptors: Economically Disadvantaged, Early Reading, Family Characteristics, Ecology