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Direct linkPeets, Kätlin; Pöyhönen, Virpi; Juvonen, Jaana; Salmivalli, Christina – Developmental Psychology, 2015
This study examined whether the degree to which bullying is normative in the classroom would moderate associations between "intra"- (cognitive and affective empathy, self-efficacy beliefs) and "inter"personal (popularity) factors and defending behavior. Participants were 6,708 third- to fifth-grade children (49% boys;…
Descriptors: Bullying, Social Attitudes, Student Behavior, Empathy
Poyhonen, Virpi; Juvonen, Jaana; Salmivalli, Christina – Social Development, 2012
In this study we examined children's self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and outcome values in relation to bystander responses in bullying situations. We proposed that beyond the effect of self-efficacy, the decision to defend the victim of bullying vs. remain passive vs. reinforce the bully depends on outcomes children expect from defending, and…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Caring, Bullying, Victims
