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Direct linkMoyer-Packenham, Patricia; Baker, Joseph; Westenskow, Arla; Anderson, Katie; Shumway, Jessica; Rodzon, Kati; Jordan, Kerry – Journal of Education, 2013
The study reported here examined virtual manipulatives as an instructional treatment in 17 third- and fourth-grade classrooms. Students were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: texts and physical manipulatives, and virtual manipulatives. Results revealed no significant differences in achievement between the treatments. Additional results…
Descriptors: Manipulative Materials, Computer Simulation, Educational Technology, Teaching Methods
